Research Articles

Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk in the Mafikeng Area, North West province, South Africa

Collins N. Ateba, Moses Mbewe, Modisane S. Moneoang, Cornelius C. Bezuidenhout
South African Journal of Science | Vol 106, No 11/12 | a243 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v106i11/12.243 | © 2010 Collins N. Ateba, Moses Mbewe, Modisane S. Moneoang, Cornelius C. Bezuidenhout | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 28 April 2010 | Published: 11 November 2010

About the author(s)

Collins N. Ateba, North-West University, South Africa
Moses Mbewe, North-West University, South Africa
Modisane S. Moneoang, North-West University, South Africa
Cornelius C. Bezuidenhout, North-West University, South Africa

Abstract

The aim of this study was to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from samples of cow’s milk obtained from different farm settings and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Gram staining, oxidase, catalase, DNase, haemolysis and the MASTASTAPHTM rapid agglutination tests were employed for bacterial identification. A total of 28 milk samples were collected and screened for the presence of S. aureus. All the samples were contaminated with S. aureus. A total of 240 S. aureus isolates were obtained during this study. The levels of contamination with S. aureus were higher in milk obtained from the communal farms in Lokaleng and Mogosane (24.6% and 35.4%, respectively)compared to the commercial farms in Rooigrond and Molelwane (17.9% and 22.1%, respectively). A large percentage of the S. aureus isolates (39%–100%) from both communal farms was resistant to methicillin (MT), ampicillin (AP), penicillin G (PG), sulphamethoxazole (Smx), oxytetracycline (OT), erythromycin (E), nitrofurantoin (NI) and streptomycin (S), but not vancomycin (V). An even higher percentage (64.2% – 100%) of the isolates from both commercial farms was resistant to sulphamethoxazole and nitrofurantoin. A comparably smaller percentage (3.4% – 4.7%) of the isolates from both communal farms was resistant to vancomycin, but all isolates from commercial farm milk were susceptible to this drug. The predominant multiple antibiotic resistant phenotypes for isolates from the commercial farms were AP-Smx-NI and MT-AP-PG-OT-Smx-NI for Rooigrond and Molelwane farms, respectively, while those for isolates from the communal farms were MT-AP-PG-Smx-E-NI-S and MT-AP-PG-OT-Smx-NI-S for Lokaleng and Mogosane, respectively. When comparing the percentage of antibiotic resistance, a significant positive correlation was observed between the isolates from the commercial farms (r = 0.966, p < 0.01). S. aureus is normally resident in humans, therefore, the S. aureus present in the cows may have resulted from transmission between the two species, emphasising the need to improve sanitary conditions in the milking environment.

Keywords

dairy cattle farms; hygiene practices; methicillin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus; multiple antibiotic resistance management; multiple antibiotic resistant phenotypes

Metrics

Total abstract views: 2570
Total article views: 5004

Reader Comments

Before posting a comment, read our privacy policy.

Post a comment (login required)

 

Crossref Citations

1. Genome analysis of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pigs: Detection of the clonal lineage ST398 in Cameroon and South Africa
Luria Leslie Founou, Raspail Carrel Founou, Mushal Allam, Arshad Ismail, Cyrille Finyom Djoko, Sabiha Yusuf Essack
Zoonoses and Public Health  vol: 66  issue: 5  first page: 512  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1111/zph.12586

2. Absence of vancomycin-resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from potable water
H. Abulreesh Hussein
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology  vol: 6  issue: 2  first page: 70  year: 2014  
doi: 10.5897/JPHE2013.0606

3. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of S. aureus Isolated from Sheep and Goat Carcasses
Melaku Tefera, Hailelule Aleme, Samson Girma, Abraham Ali, Getachew Gugsa, Firehiwot Abera, Redwan Muzeyin, Tesfaye Legesse, Waktole Gobena, Surafel Fentaw, Rajha Abubaker, Alemayehu Tadesse, Almaz Gonfa
The Open Microbiology Journal  vol: 13  issue: 1  first page: 16  year: 2019  
doi: 10.2174/1874285801913010016

4. Microbiological Quality of Some Dairy Products with Special Reference to the Incidence of Some Biological Hazards
Samaa Youssif Mohamed, Abeer Abdel Nasser A All, Lamiaa Ibrahim Ahmed, Neveen Soliman Moham Soliman
International Journal of Dairy Science  vol: 15  issue: 1  first page: 28  year: 2019  
doi: 10.3923/ijds.2020.28.37

5. Molecular detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes isolated from mastitic milk and humans in El-Behira, Egypt
Mohamed S. Diab, Nermin A. Ibrahim, Yasser F. Elnaker, Sherif A. Zidan, Marwa A. Saad
International Journal of One Health  vol: 7  issue: 1  first page: 70  year: 2021  
doi: 10.14202/IJOH.2021.70-77

6. Narrative risk messages increase uptake and sharing of health interventions in a hard-to-reach population: A pilot study to promote milk safety among Maasai pastoralists in Tanzania
Mark A. Caudell, P. Victor Charoonsophonsak, Annalise Miller, Beatus Lyimo, Murugan Subbiah, Joram Buza, Douglas R. Call
Pastoralism  vol: 9  issue: 1  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1186/s13570-019-0142-z

7. Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications
Christy Manyi-Loh, Sampson Mamphweli, Edson Meyer, Anthony Okoh
Molecules  vol: 23  issue: 4  first page: 795  year: 2018  
doi: 10.3390/molecules23040795

8. Occurrence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus from foods of bovine origin in Dessie and Kombolcha towns, Ethiopia
Engidaw Abebe, Getachew Gugsa, Meselu Ahmed, Nesibu Awol, Yalew Tefera, Shimelis Abegaz
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems  vol: 8  year: 2024  
doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1422850

9. Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk produced by smallholder dairy farmers in Mbeya Region, Tanzania
H. F. Massawe, R. H. Mdegela, L. R. Kurwijila
International Journal of One Health  first page: 31  year: 2019  
doi: 10.14202/IJOH.2019.31-37

10. Epidemiology of β-Lactamase-Producing Staphylococci and Gram Negative Bacteria as Cause of Clinical Bovine Mastitis in Tunisia
Amira Klibi, Ahlem Jouini, Ramzi Boubaker El Andolsi, Souhir Kmiha, Cherif Ben Hamda, Kais Ghedira, Safa Hamrouni, Abdeljalil Ghram, Abderrazek Maaroufi
BioMed Research International  vol: 2019  first page: 1  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1155/2019/2165316

11. A large meta-analysis of the global prevalence rates of S. aureus and MRSA contamination of milk
Qianting Ou, Junli Zhou, Dongxin Lin, Chan Bai, Ting Zhang, Jialing Lin, Haoqu Zheng, Xiaojie Wang, Jiaping Ye, Xiaohua Ye, Zhenjiang Yao
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition  vol: 58  issue: 13  first page: 2213  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1308916

12. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in gut microbiota: in vitro antimicrobial resistance
Pamela Hindieh, Joseph Yaghi, André El Khoury, Ali Chokr, Ali Atoui, Nicolas Louka, Jean Claude Assaf
AMB Express  vol: 12  issue: 1  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1186/s13568-022-01468-w

13. Staphylococcus aureus in Animals and Food: Methicillin Resistance, Prevalence and Population Structure. A Review in the African Continent
Carmen Lozano, Haythem Gharsa, Karim Ben Slama, Myriam Zarazaga, Carmen Torres
Microorganisms  vol: 4  issue: 1  first page: 12  year: 2016  
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms4010012

14. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci: implications for our food supply?
M. Ellin Doyle, Faye A. Hartmann, Amy C. Lee Wong
Animal Health Research Reviews  vol: 13  issue: 2  first page: 157  year: 2012  
doi: 10.1017/S1466252312000187

15. Staphylococcus aureus in cow milk and milk products in Ambo and Bako towns, Oromia, Ethiopia: prevalence, associated risk factors, hygienic quality, and antibiogram
Bizunesh Mideksa Borena, Feyera Tesema Gurmessa, Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin, Edilu Jorga Sarba, Lencho Megersa Marami
International Microbiology  vol: 26  issue: 3  first page: 513  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1007/s10123-022-00317-x

16. Prevalence, risk factors and multidrug resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in selected dairy farms in and around Asella town, Arsi Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia
Kedir Elemo Kemal, Sisay Tesfaye, Shiferaw Ashanafi, Aman Fato Muhammadhussien
African Journal of Microbiology Research  vol: 11  issue: 45  first page: 1632  year: 2017  
doi: 10.5897/AJMR2017.8529

17. Isolation, Identification, and Susceptibility Profile of E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus in Dairy Farm and Their Public Health Implication in Central Ethiopia
Umer Seid Geletu, Munera Ahmednur Usmael, Abdulmuen Mohammed Ibrahim, Alessandro Di Cerbo
Veterinary Medicine International  vol: 2022  first page: 1  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1155/2022/1887977

18. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus in dairy farms, abattoir and humans in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Takele Beyene, Halefom Hayishe, Fikru Gizaw, Ashenafi Feyisa Beyi, Fufa Abunna, Bedaso Mammo, Dinka Ayana, Hika Waktole, Reta Duguma Abdi
BMC Research Notes  vol: 10  issue: 1  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-2487-y

19. Isolation and Antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus from Powdered Milk Sold in Samaru Market, Zaria
Madika, A., Musa, B., Sulaiman, M. A., Hussaini, I. M., Jimmy, G. G.
UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)  vol: 5  issue: 1  first page: 77  year: 2020  
doi: 10.47430/ujmr.2051.012

20. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from Raw Meat Samples in Tunisia: Detection of Clonal Lineage ST398 from the African Continent
Sarra Chairat, Haythem Gharsa, Carmen Lozano, Elena Gómez-Sanz, Paula Gómez, Myriam Zarazaga, Abdellatif Boudabous, Carmen Torres, Karim Ben Slama
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease  vol: 12  issue: 8  first page: 686  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1958

21. Diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis cases and close human contacts
T. Schmidt, M.M. Kock, M.M. Ehlers
Journal of Dairy Science  vol: 98  issue: 9  first page: 6256  year: 2015  
doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9715

22. Genetic characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from commercial broiler chickens in the Durban metropolitan area, South Africa
Nelisiwe Mkize, Oliver T. Zishiri, Samson Mukaratirwa
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association  vol: 88  year: 2017  
doi: 10.4102/jsava.v88i0.1416

23. Antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries: current status and future directions
Giorgia Sulis, Sena Sayood, Sumanth Gandra
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy  vol: 20  issue: 2  first page: 147  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1951705

24. Prevalence and Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Pasteurized Cheese Commercialized in Panama City Markets
Fermín Mejía, Nohelia Castro-del Campo, Arleny García, Katerine Rodríguez, Humberto Cornejo, Sara Ahumada-Ruiz, Marcela Soto-Beltrán, Maricela Castillo, Jordi Querol-Audi, Cristobal Chaidez-Quiroz, Alex O. Martínez-Torres, Amarat (Amy) Simonne
Journal of Food Quality  vol: 2021  first page: 1  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1155/2021/9923855

25. Comparative insights into molecular characterization and resistance profiling of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus across dairy livestock in Pakistan
Muhammad Ijaz, Maria Batool, Muhammad Umar Javed, Hamza Rasheed, Arslan Ahmed, Ali Abdullah Jabir, Kehkshan Shahid, Ashraf Ali, Muhammad Talha
Veterinary Research Communications  vol: 50  issue: 2  year: 2026  
doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-11067-2

26. Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw cow and goat milk produced in the Tiaret and Souk Ahras areas of Algeria
Sofiane Tamendjari, Farida Afri Bouzebda, Lina Chaib, Hebib Aggad, Mohammed Ramdani, Zoubir Bouzebda
Veterinary World  first page: 1929  year: 2021  
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1929-1934

27. Detection of Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from Cattle and Pigs Slaughtered in Abattoirs in Vhembe District, South Africa
Nicoline F. Tanih, Eunice Sekwadi, Roland N. Ndip, Pascal O. Bessong, Hassan Zaraket
The Scientific World Journal  vol: 2015  issue: 1  year: 2015  
doi: 10.1155/2015/195972

28. Genetic characterization of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from milk in the North-West Province, South Africa
Muyiwa Ajoke Akindolire, Ajay Kumar, Collins Njie Ateba
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences  vol: 25  issue: 7  first page: 1348  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.10.011

29. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from raw bovine milk in dairy and pastoral farms in Morogoro region, Tanzania
Nancy E. Kalee, Noel Gahamanyi, Abubakar S. Hoza
German Journal of Veterinary Research  vol: 1  issue: 2  first page: 1  year: 2021  
doi: 10.51585/gjvr.2021.2.0007

30. Characterization of multiple antibiotic resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus isolated from pregnant women vagina
Bakwena Ashton Hetsa, Ajay Kumar, Collins Njie Ateba
Folia Microbiologica  vol: 63  issue: 5  first page: 607  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1007/s12223-018-0593-4

31. Enhanced exopolysaccharide production and biofilm forming ability in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus sciuri isolated from dairy in response to acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)
Milind Mohan Naik, Shivangi P. Naik, Santosh Kumar Dubey, Chinmay Bhat, Lakshangy S. Charya
Journal of Food Science and Technology  vol: 55  issue: 6  first page: 2087  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3123-0

32. Isolation and Identification of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) from Milk in Shire Dairy Farms, Tigray, Ethiopia
Weldemelak Girmay, Getachew Gugsa, Habtamu Taddele, Yisehak Tsegaye, Nesibu Awol, Meselu Ahmed, Aklilu Feleke
Veterinary Medicine International  vol: 2020  first page: 1  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1155/2020/8833973

33. ASSESSMENT OF KEEPING QUALITY AND MICROBIAL LOAD OF Staphylococcus aureus IN CATTLE MILK, PROCESSING FACILITIES, AND ENVIRONMENT IN NORTHERN OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Ibraheem Ghali-Mohammed, Aminullah A. Azeez, Ahmed Olayiwola Akeem, Mutiat Adenike Adetona, Ismail A. Adeyemo, Oluwadamilola Christiana Olawoye, Nma Bida Alhaji, Ismail A. Odetokun
FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES  vol: 9  issue: 3  first page: 309  year: 2025  
doi: 10.33003/fjs-2025-0903-3016

34. Prevalence of SEA and SEB producing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foodborne- outbreaks in Iran
Mirzababaei Mehrnaz, Mehdi Soltan Dallal Mohammad, Mazaheri Nezhad Fard Ramin, Masoumi Asl Hossein, Pourmoradian Mahdieh
African Journal of Microbiology Research  vol: 15  issue: 10  first page: 535  year: 2021  
doi: 10.5897/AJMR2021.9525

35. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from lactating cows milk in Bahir Dar dairy farms
Shiferaw Sileshi, Ahmad Munees
African Journal of Microbiology Research  vol: 10  issue: 35  first page: 1444  year: 2016  
doi: 10.5897/AJMR2016.8015

36. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw cow milk and fresh fruit juice in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
Abraha Haftay, Hadish Geberemedhin, Aligaz Belay, Eyas Goytom, Workelule Kidane
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health  vol: 10  issue: 4  first page: 106  year: 2018  
doi: 10.5897/JVMAH2017.0664

37. Pathogenic Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Milk, Yoghurt and Milk Contact Surfaces in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia
Tsegahun Asfaw, Deribew Genetu, Demissew Shenkute, Tassew Tefera Shenkutie, Yosef Eshetie Amare, Habtemariam Alekaw Habteweld, Berhanu Yitayew
Infection and Drug Resistance  vol: Volume 16  first page: 4297  year: 2023  
doi: 10.2147/IDR.S418793

38. Genotypic and Phenotypic Evaluation of Biofilm Production and Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Milk, North West Province, South Africa
Marie Ebob Agbortabot Bissong, Collins Njie Ateba
Antibiotics  vol: 9  issue: 4  first page: 156  year: 2020  
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9040156

39. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Recreational Waters and Beach Sand in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Olufemi Emmanuel Akanbi, Henry Akum Njom, Justine Fri, Anthony C. Otigbu, Anna M. Clarke
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  vol: 14  issue: 9  first page: 1001  year: 2017  
doi: 10.3390/ijerph14091001

40. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Dairy Products and Bulk-Tank Milk (BTM)
Camino González-Machado, Rosa Capita, Carlos Alonso-Calleja
Antibiotics  vol: 13  issue: 7  first page: 588  year: 2024  
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13070588

41. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Meat Carcasses and Bovine Milk in Abattoirs and Dairy Farms of the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Abongile Pekana, Ezekiel Green
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  vol: 15  issue: 10  first page: 2223  year: 2018  
doi: 10.3390/ijerph15102223

42. Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Milk: A Public Health Implication
Muyiwa Akindolire, Olubukola Babalola, Collins Ateba
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  vol: 12  issue: 9  first page: 10254  year: 2015  
doi: 10.3390/ijerph120910254